Clinical and Liquid Biomarkers of 20-Year Prostate Cancer Risk in Men Aged 45 to 70 Years

What is the association of clinical and liquid biomarkers, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density, with long-term prostate cancer risk in healthy men aged 45 to 70 years?In this cohort study of 2651 men without prostate cancer, older age, PSA, and PSA density were associated with an increased hazard of developing prostate cancer. Men with baseline PSA less than 1.00 ng/mL had a 20-year risk of 3.3%.These findings suggest that a low baseline PSA level in midlife is associated with a substantially reduced risk of prostate cancer for up to 20 years, supporting risk-adapted screening strategies that reduce unnecessary procedures.

Corresponding Author: Charlie A. Hamm, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Augustenburger Pl 1, Berlin 13353, Germany (charlie.hamm@charite.de).

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