Sex and All-Cause Mortality in the US, 1999 to 2018

Are there differences in mortality rates between males and females for all-cause mortality and the leading 9 causes of mortality?In this cohort study of 47 056 adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, after accounting for demographic characteristics (eg, age, race and ethnicity), behavioral factors (eg, smoking, alcohol use), and chronic conditions (eg, diabetes, hypertension), males had a 63% greater risk of all-cause mortality than females.These findings suggest that there may be intrinsic biological factors (sex hormones, chromosomes, or immune response) associated with sex differences in mortality.

Corresponding Author: Sarah S. Jackson, PhD, MPH, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Ste 6E218, Rockville, MD 20850 (sarah.jackson@nih.gov).

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