Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Traits in Childhood and Physical Health in Midlife

Are childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits associated with physical health outcomes in midlife, and do health risk factors modify the associations?In this cohort study of 10 930 participants, more childhood ADHD traits were associated with a greater number of physical health problems, increased risk of physical multimorbidity, and more physical health-related disability by age 46 years. These associations were partially explained by smoking, psychological distress, and body mass index.These findings suggest that early ADHD traits are associated with poorer long-term physical health, highlighting the importance of early identification and targeted support across the life course.

Corresponding Author: Amber John, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Bldg, Liverpool L69 7ZA, United Kingdom (ajohn@liverpool.ac.uk).

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