Original Investigation

Race and Ethnicity and Early Do Not Attempt Resuscitation Orders After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53504

January 13, 2026 at 11:00 AM EST

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Do American Indian or Alaskan Native, Black, or Hispanic patients have different rates of early do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) orders compared with White patients after in-hospital cardiac arrest?In this cohort study including 93 843 patients from more than 350 hospitals, American Indian or Alaska Native, Black, and Hispanic patients were less likely to have early DNAR orders entered, compared with White patients; those with early orders had no difference in survival to discharge compared with White patients.This cohort study found that after in-hospital cardiac arrest, American Indian or Alaska Native, Black, and Hispanic patients were less likely to have early DNAR orders than White patients, and there were no differences in survival among patients with early DNAR orders placed.

Corresponding Author: Caroline Raymond-King, MD, PhD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, 464 Congress Ave, New Haven, CT 06519 (c.king@yale.edu).

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