Original Investigation

Regional Factors and Ambulatory Care–Sensitive Condition Hospitalizations in Older Japanese Adults

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.49457

December 12, 2025 at 11:00 AM EST

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Which municipal-level factors are associated with ambulatory care–sensitive condition (ACSC) hospitalizations among older Japanese adults, and to what extent do these factors account for variations in hospitalization risk?Among over 1.27 million older adults included in this cohort study, municipalities accounted for 6.0% of variations in ACSC hospitalizations. Increased access to outpatient, home-based, and rehabilitation resources was associated with a lower risk, whereas more nursing home beds and a higher proportion of older adults living alone were associated with an increased risk.These findings suggest that improving community health care capacity, strengthening medical long-term care coordination, and mitigating social isolation may reduce avoidable hospitalizations among older adults.

Corresponding Author: Kazuhiro Abe, MD, PhD, Department of Health Care Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan (kazuhiro.abe.1215@pop.med.hokudai.ac.jp).

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