Multilevel Barriers to Perianal Condyloma Care Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Northeast China
JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.45768November 26, 2025 at 11:00 AM EST
What are the health care dilemmas and structural exclusions faced by men who have sex with men (MSM) with perianal condyloma during medical visits?This qualitative study of 20 MSM with perianal condyloma identified multilevel barriers (individual, clinical, societal, and policy), including human papillomavirus knowledge gaps, fragmented care, social stigma, and policy exclusion among MSM, and presents key observations that align with the concept of structural oppression influencing care outcomes.This study suggests that multilevel interventions (privacy protection, standardized care, inclusive prevention, and practitioner training) are needed to advance health equity for sexual minority populations.
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