Original Investigation

Mental Health Treatment of Individuals Seeking Holy Water Treatment in Ethiopia

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.36558

October 08, 2025 at 11:00 AM EDT

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Is there a mental health treatment gap among individuals seeking holy water treatment in Ethiopia?In this cross-sectional study of 393 participants with mental illness symptoms, 323 (82.2%) had a treatment gap. Factors associated with this gap included lack of perceived need, male gender, higher educational level, low income, uncertainty about help sources, denial, and high internalized stigma.This study’s findings suggest that addressing the large mental health treatment gap requires culturally sensitive, accessible, and stigma-reducing interventions tailored to identify barriers.

Corresponding Author: Solomon Moges Demeke, MSc, Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Addis Ababa to Mekelle, Woldia 400, Ethiopia (solmonmoge@gmail.com).

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