Antibiotic Use and the Risk of Hospital-Onset Infection

What is the hazard of infection (CDI) between asymptomatic carriers compared with noncarriers of , and is this hazard associated with antibiotic exposure?In this cohort study of 33 756 hospitalizations among 23 001 patients, asymptomatic carriers had a higher hazard of CDI. Antibiotic exposure, particularly to amoxicillin and clavulanate and piperacillin and tazobactam, was associated with an increased hazard of CDI, especially among noncarriers, with no additional hazard among carriers.These findings suggest that while antibiotic stewardship may be associated with a reduced hazard of CDI in asymptomatic carriers given their already elevated hazard, additional strategies may be warranted.

Corresponding Author: Mayan Gilboa, MD, Infectious Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, 2 Sheba Rd, Ramat-Gan, Israel 52621 (maayangilboa@tau.ac.il).

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