Original Investigation

Disability Diagnoses Identified by the American Community Survey 6-Question Sequence

JAMA Health Forum 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.6302

January 23, 2026 at 11:00 AM EST

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What diagnoses are identified by the American Community Survey-6 (ACS-6) used to locate people with disabilities in federal population surveys?In this cross-sectional study of 13 341 people with disabilities in the Survey of Income and Program Participation, diagnosis groupings identified by the ACS-6 varied within each question and across age groups but were consistent across race and ethnicity, sex, and education subgroups.These findings suggest research involving people with disabilities should determine subgroups appropriate to the research question rather than approach disability as a binary category and should account for disability heterogeneity alongside attempts to avoid underidentification of people with disabilities.

Corresponding Author: Ari Ne’eman, PhD, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 (aneeman@hsph.harvard.edu).

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