Global Estimates of Lives and Life-Years Saved by COVID-19 Vaccination During 2020-2024

What was the global impact of COVID-19 vaccinations on deaths during the 2020-2024 period?This comparative effectiveness study found that COVID-19 vaccinations averted 2.5 million deaths during 2020-2024 (sensitivity range estimates, 1.4-4.0 million) and saved 15 million life-years (sensitivity range estimates, 7-24 million life-years). The estimated benefits had a steep age gradient.COVID-19 vaccinations had a substantial benefit on global mortality during 2020-2024, but this benefit was mostly limited to a minority of the population of older individuals.

Corresponding Author: John P. A. Ioannidis, MD, DSc, 3180 Porter Dr, Room A129, Stanford Research Park, Palo Alto, CA 94304 (jioannid@stanford.edu).

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