About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Higher intake of plant foods after prostate cancer diagnosis was associated with lower risk of cancer progression, this study suggests.
Authors: Stacey A. Kenfield, Sc.D., of the University of California, San Francisco, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.9053)
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About The Study: For postmenopausal women, the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) randomized clinical trials do not support menopausal hormone therapy to prevent cardiovascular disease or other chronic diseases. Menopausal hormone therapy is appropriate to treat bothersome vasomotor symptoms among women in early menopause, without contraindications, who are interested in taking hormone therapy. The WHI evidence does not support routine supplementation with calcium plus vitamin D for menopausal women to prevent fractures or a low-fat diet with increased fruits, vegetables, and grains to prevent breast or colorectal cancer. A potential role of a low-fat dietary pattern in reducing breast cancer mortality, a secondary outcome, warrants further study.
Authors: JoAnn E. Manson, M.D., Dr.P.H., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.6542)
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About The Study: The proportions of American Indian or Alaska Native, Black, and white females of reproductive age in states with effective abortion bans were higher than in states without such policies, while proportions for other racial and ethnic groups were lower. Although these restrictive laws were not based on race, they were concentrated in states with higher proportions of American Indian or Alaska Native and Black individuals, resulting in a differential effect of restrictive abortion laws in these groups. American Indian or Alaska Native and Black populations are disproportionately affected by disparities in pregnancy-related deaths, reproductive health, and poverty. Policies improving access to the full spectrum of reproductive health care, including safe abortion, may reduce such disparities.
Authors: Demetri Goutos, M.B.A., of the Boston University School of Public Health in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.6023)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, APRIL 30, 2024
Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 301-951-9203. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.
Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends biennial screening mammography for women ages 40 to 74. The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening mammography in women 75 years or older. The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of supplemental screening for breast cancer using breast ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in women identified to have dense breasts on an otherwise negative screening mammogram. Among all U.S. women, breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services and this recommendation updates the 2016 recommendation on breast cancer screening.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.5534)
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Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.
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About The Study: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the incidence proportion of new-onset seizures after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was not statistically different between vaccine recipients and placebo recipients or unvaccinated participants in the pooled analyses of more than 118,000 participants in randomized clinical trials.
Authors: Churl-Su Kwon, M.D., M.P.H., of Columbia University in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.0967)
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study of 26,000 participants from four large U.S. studies suggest that both individual- and area-level social determinants of health may be considered in future development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment tools, particularly among Black individuals.
Authors: Yiyi Zhang, Ph.D., of Columbia University Medical Center in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8584)
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About The Study: In this randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial that included 3,020 patients with high-risk nonmetastatic breast cancer, daily aspirin therapy did not improve risk of breast cancer recurrence or survival in early follow-up. Despite its promise and wide availability, aspirin should not be recommended as an adjuvant breast cancer treatment.
Authors: Wendy Y. Chen, M.D., of the Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.4840)
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About The Study: In an otherwise largely homogeneous sample of female nurses, participants identifying as lesbian or bisexual had markedly earlier mortality during the study period compared with heterosexual women. These differences in mortality timing highlight the urgency of addressing modifiable risks and upstream social forces that propagate and perpetuate disparities.
Authors: Sarah McKetta, M.D., Ph.D., of Harvard University in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.4459)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this nationally representative cross-sectional study of 25,000 participants, those experiencing post–COVID-19 condition (PCC) were approximately twice as likely to report depression and anxiety symptoms than other U.S. adults. Among individuals with these symptoms, adults with PCC were just as likely to have received mental health treatment but more likely to report cost-related barriers to accessing therapy. Care pathways for PCC should consider prioritizing mental health screening and affordable treatment.
Authors: Hiten Naik, M.D., of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8481)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study of pediatric enrollees across three commercial health insurance databases, statistical signals detected for myocarditis or pericarditis after BNT162b2 (ages 12-17 years) were consistent with previous reports, and seizures after BNT162b2 (ages 2-4 years) and mRNA-1273 vaccinations (ages 2-5 years) should be further investigated in a robust epidemiologic study with confounding adjustment. The Food and Drug Administration concludes that the known and potential benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the known and potential risks of COVID-19 infection.
Authors: Patricia C. Lloyd, Ph.D., Sc.M., of the Food and Drug Administration in Silver Spring, Maryland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8192)
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About The Study: This analysis shows that declines in heart failure-related mortality from 1999 to 2012 have been entirely undone by reversals from 2012 to 2021, meaning that contemporary heart failure mortality rates are higher than in 1999. The origins of these reversals preceded the COVID-19 pandemic, although the larger increases in 2020 to 2021 indicate that the pandemic may have accelerated them due to limitations to health care access and possible cardiac involvement.
Authors: Marat Fudim, M.D., M.H.S., of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.0615)
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About The Study: In this repeated cross-sectional study, there was no evidence that recreational marijuana laws were associated with encouraging youth marijuana use, based on both the logistic regression and interaction-weighted models.
Authors: D. Mark Anderson, Ph.D., of Montana State University in Bozeman, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0698)
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About The Study: In this follow-up study of a randomized clinical trial, administration of antenatal corticosteroids to persons at risk of late preterm delivery, originally shown to improve short-term neonatal respiratory outcomes but with an increased rate of hypoglycemia, was not associated with adverse childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 6 or older.
Authors: Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, M.D., M.S., of the University of California, San Diego, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.4303)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study including 3.9 million children suggest that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 was associated with significant reductions in COVID-19 incidence and hospitalizations among children in California.
Authors: Justin V. Remais, Ph.D., of the University of California, Berkeley, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.7822)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Taste dysfunction as measured objectively was absent one year after exposure to COVID-19 while some smell loss remained in nearly one-third of individuals with this exposure, likely explaining taste complaints of many individuals with post–COVID-19 condition in this study of 340 individuals with and 434 individuals without prior COVID-19. Infection with earlier untyped and Alpha variants was associated with the greatest degree of smell loss.
Authors: Shima T. Moein, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.7818)
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About The Study: The findings of this study indicated that initiation of antihypertensive medication was associated with elevated risks of fractures and falls among older long-term care nursing home residents in the Veterans Health Administration. These risks were numerically higher among residents with dementia, higher baseline blood pressures values, and no recent antihypertensive medication use. Caution and additional monitoring are advised when initiating antihypertensive medication in this vulnerable population.
Authors: Chintan V. Dave, Pharm.D., Ph.D., of Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0507)
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About The Study: Modest decreases in developmental screening scores suggest reason for cautious optimism about the development of a generation of U.S. children exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic in this study including 50,000 children. Continued attention to developmental surveillance is critical since the long-term population- and individual-level implications of these changes are unclear.
Authors: Sara B. Johnson, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0683)
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: Preoperative use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in patients undergoing emergency surgery was not associated with a higher risk of postoperative respiratory complications compared with patients not using GLP-1 RAs. The results of this study suggest that liberalizing withholding guidelines for GLP-1 RAs preoperatively should be considered.
Authors: Anjali A. Dixit, M.D., M.P.H., of the Stanford University School of Medicine in Stanford, California, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.5003)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this randomized clinical trial with 314 participants, self-administered acupressure with a brief knee health education program was efficacious and cost-effective in relieving knee pain and improving mobility in middle-aged and older adults with probable knee osteoarthritis.
Authors: Wing-Fai Yeung, Ph.D., of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Hong Kong, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5830)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study including 903 women with BRCA germline pathogenic variants found that a breast cancer diagnosis less than 10 years postpartum was associated with higher risk of mortality compared with nulliparous women and women diagnosed at least 10 years postpartum. These results should inform genetic counseling, prevention, and treatment strategies for BRCA pathogenic variant carriers.
Authors: Zhenzhen Zhang, Ph.D., of Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.7421)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study with 322 participants suggest that racial discrimination predisposes Black young adults to metabolic syndrome via sleep problems and inflammation, which may serve as actionable targets for prevention in minoritized populations that could reduce existing disparities and promote health equity.
Authors: Nia Heard-Garris, M.D., M.B.A., M.Sc., of the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5288)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Neighborhood disadvantage was independently associated with shorter breast cancer–specific survival even after controlling for individual-level factors, tumor characteristics, and treatment in this national cohort study of 350,000 patients with breast cancer. This suggests potential unaccounted-for mechanisms, including both nonbiologic factors and biologic factors.
Authors: Neha Goel, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.7336)
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About The Study: In this cross-sectional study using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 10,000 cancer survivors, only 4% of cancer survivors adhered to all four American Cancer Society nutrition and physical activity guidelines, with the mean number of guidelines met being 2.0. Improved understanding of guideline adherence and its determinants may guide oncologists and general internists in providing recommendations for their patients who have completed cancer treatments.
Authors: Kathryn Norman, M.D., of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.0470)
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About The Study: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that most people experiencing homelessness have mental health disorders, with higher prevalences than those observed in general community samples. Specific interventions are needed to support the mental health needs of this population, including close coordination of mental health, social, and housing services and policies to support people experiencing homelessness with mental disorders.
Authors: Rebecca Barry, Ph.D., of the University of Calgary, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0426)
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About The Study: The findings of this study including more than 1 million Swedish children suggest that the degree of phenotypic variation attributable to genetic differences (heritability) differs between males and females, indicating that some of the underlying causes of the condition may differ between the two sexes. The skewed sex ratio in autism spectrum disorder may be partly explained by differences in genetic variance between the sexes.
Authors: Benjamin H.K. Yip, Ph.D., of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Sven Sandin, Ph.D., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, are the corresponding authors.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0525)
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About The Study: In this study over five respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasons, nearly one-quarter of hospitalized adults age 50 or older with RSV infection experienced an acute cardiac event (most frequently acute heart failure), including 1 in 12 adults (8.5%) with no documented underlying cardiovascular disease. The risk of severe outcomes was nearly twice as high in patients with acute cardiac events compared with patients who did not experience an acute cardiac event. These findings clarify the baseline epidemiology of potential cardiac complications of RSV infection prior to RSV vaccine availability.
Authors: Rebecca C. Woodruff, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0212)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: While contraceptive usage increased initially in the month after Dobbs versus Jackson Women’s Health Organization, all contraception types except vasectomy returned to overall downward trends through the end of 2022 in this study that used a national data set of medical and prescription claims. The decreases the researchers found in contraceptive services and the workforce providing these methods may indicate growing challenges for contraception access.
Authors: Julia Strasser, Dr.P.H., M.P.H., of George Washington University in Washington, D.C., is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6044)
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About The Study: Using the most recently available 2011 to 2021 data, researchers found limited associations between recreational cannabis legalization and recreational cannabis retail sales with adolescent substance use, extending previous findings. Recreational cannabis legalization was associated with modest decreases in cannabis, alcohol, and e-cigarette use. Recreational cannabis retail sales were associated with lower e-cigarette use, and with lower likelihood but also increased frequency of cannabis use among users, leading to no overall change in cannabis use.
Authors: Rebekah Levine Coley, Ph.D., of Boston College in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0555)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study support that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) undergo rapid transitions between neutral and negative emotional states, a phenomenon intensified by the severity of emotional numbing symptoms. Therapeutic interventions aimed at moderating these swift emotional transitions could potentially alleviate PTSD symptoms.
Authors: Nachshon Korem, Ph.D., of the Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6813)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Among 2,570 participants, those with untreated and new-onset hypertension had increased risk of newly diagnosed fibroids, whereas those taking antihypertensive treatment had lower risk, suggesting that blood pressure control may provide new strategies for fibroid prevention.
Authors: Susanna D. Mitro, Ph.D., of Kaiser Permanente Northern California in Oakland, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6832)
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About The Study: In a national cohort study of more than 2 million women in Sweden, women who experienced any of five major adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm delivery, small for gestational age, preeclampsia, other hypertensive disorders, and gestational diabetes) had increased mortality risks that remained elevated more than 40 years later. Women with adverse pregnancy outcomes need early preventive evaluation and long-term follow-up for detection and treatment of chronic disorders associated with premature mortality.
Authors: Casey Crump, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0276)
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of National Immunization Survey–Child data, improvements in vaccination timeliness were observed from the 2011 to the 2021 survey. However, widening disparities by socioeconomic indicators signal that increased efforts to facilitate timely vaccination among children in lower-income families are needed.
Authors: Sophia R. Newcomer, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the University of Montana, Missoula, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6440)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study suggest that endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty is cost saving compared with semaglutide in the treatment of class II obesity. On price threshold analyses, a 3-fold decrease in the price of semaglutide is needed to achieve nondominance.
Authors: Christopher C. Thompson, M.D., M.Sc., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6221)
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: Researchers observed an abrupt increase in permanent contraception procedures among adults ages 18 to 30 following Dobbs. The increase in procedures for female patients was double that for male patients. These patterns offer insights into the gendered dynamics of permanent contraceptive use and may reflect the disproportionate health, social, and economic consequences of compulsory pregnancy on women and people with the capacity to become pregnant.
Authors: Jacqueline E. Ellison, Ph.D., of the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.0424)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study that included 1,470 adults with chronic low back pain, physician empathy was associated with better outcomes over 12 months. Greater efforts to cultivate and improve physician empathy appear warranted.
Authors: John C. Licciardone, D.O., M.S., M.B.A., of the University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6026)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About The Study: The results of this study suggest that young breast cancer survivors without a germline pathogenic variant have a low risk of developing a second primary breast cancer in the first 10 years after diagnosis. Findings from germline genetic testing may inform treatment decision-making and follow-up care considerations in this population.
Authors: Kristen D. Brantley, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.0286)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
