Circulating Tumor DNA in Early Breast Cancer

ctDNA-based MRD assays hold promise for refining risk stratification, enabling earlier detection of recurrence, and informing treatment decisions in patients with early breast cancer, but clinical utility has not yet been demonstrated. Prospective trials are essential to determine whether ctDNA-guided interventions improve outcomes beyond standard management. Clinicians should understand the strengths, limitations, and evolving evidence base of ctDNA assays, as well as patient preferences, prior to incorporating them into patient care.

Corresponding Author: Ilana Schlam, MD, MPH, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 (ilana_schlam@dfci.harvard.edu).

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