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H-1B Visa Restrictions and US Primary Care Dependence on International Medical Graduates

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.29274

August 17, 2026 at 11:00 AM EDT

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This cross-sectional study evaluates specialty- and state-level reliance on non-US international medical graduates in primary care training and estimates the extent to which H-1B visa restrictions could disrupt this pathway.

This Original Investigation has an accompanying commentary.

Corresponding Author: Georgios Karamitros, MD, MS, Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232 (georgios.karamitros@vumc.org).

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