Research Letter

Frontier Language Models and Optical Character Recognition Preprocessing Against Invisible Text Injection in AI Peer Review

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.17356

June 08, 2026 at 11:00 AM EDT

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This study assesses the integration of frontier large language models including tools such as optical character recognition (OCR) into the scientific peer review process to detect invisible text injection in an article under review.

Corresponding Author: Philip Jarrett, MD, MBA, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, E4.300, Dallas, TX 75390 (philip.jarrett@utsouthwestern.edu).

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