Adjuvant Nivolumab vs Observation in Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Can nivolumab improve disease-free and overall survival in patients with resected non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after standard care chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy?In this phase 3 randomized clinical trial of resected NSCLC greater than or equal to 4 cm and/or lymph node positive without sensitizing or sequence variants, a total of 466 patients were assigned to receive nivolumab and 469 to undergo observation. There were no statistically significant differences in the co–primary end points of median disease-free survival among patients who received nivolumab vs observation (hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.97) or in the subgroup of patients with tumoral programmed death-ligand 1 greater than or equal to 50% (hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.86).Adjuvant nivolumab did not reduce the risk of disease recurrence in patients with resected NSCLC who completed planned standard care adjuvant therapy.

Corresponding Author: Jamie E. Chaft, MD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 545 E 73rd St, 22nd Floor, New York, NY 10021 (chaftj@mskcc.org).

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