Review

Survivors of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

JAMA 10.1001/jama.2026.8806

June 08, 2026 at 11:05 AM EDT

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With surgical intervention, survival to adulthood is common among patients with TOF, D-loop TGA, and single ventricle. However, these survivors of cyanotic congenital heart diseases are at risk of valve dysfunction, arrhythmias, heart failure, and premature death. Optimal care involves multidisciplinary management including pediatric and adult cardiologists, congenital cardiac surgeons, and electrophysiologists.

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Corresponding Author: Michael Job Landzberg, MD, Palliative Therapeutics in Congenital Heart Disease (PATCH), Boston Adult Congenital Heart (BACH) and Pulmonary Hypertension Program, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 (mike.landzberg@cardiochboston.org).

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