Original Investigation

Early Childhood Education and Care and Developmental Vulnerability at School Entry

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.26555

July 28, 2026 at 11:00 AM EDT

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Is attendance in early childhood education and care before school entry associated with developmental vulnerability? In this population-based cohort of 123 256 children, attendance in early childhood education and care, particularly preschool, was significantly associated with lower developmental vulnerability. Daycare attendance was associated with higher developmental vulnerability in social competence and emotional maturity, but lower developmental vulnerability in language and cognitive skills (school-based), and in communication skills and general knowledge. These findings suggest that early childhood education, particularly preschool, is associated with reduced developmental vulnerability at school entry by strengthening socioemotional learning and ensuring equitable access to effective early childhood education programs.

Corresponding Author: For an interview, contact corresponding author Kendalem Asmare Atalell, MSc (k.atalell@postgrad.curtin.edu.au) or co-author Gizachew Assefa Tessema, PhD, MPH (gizachew.tessema@curtin.edu.au).

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